Loquat, Japanese plum - Eriobotrya japonica
Eriobotrya japonica
Fig. 1
Eriobotrya japonica

Opened fruit ripened, note five seeds in the fruit
Fig. 2
Opened fruit ripened, note five seeds in the fruit

Loquat leaf
Fig. 6

Débourage d'un bourgeon de bibacier ou néflier du Japon (Eriobotyra Japonica)
Fig. 7
Débourage d'un bourgeon de bibacier ou néflier du Japon (E. Japonica)

Leaves growth habit
Fig. 8

Inflorescense
Fig. 13
Inflorescense

Eriobotrya japonica flower
Fig. 14

Hymenoptera on blooming Eriobotrya japonica in Jerusalem
Fig. 17
Hymenoptera on blooming E. japonica in Jerusalem

Fruit starting to form
Fig. 19
E. japonica (Loquat, pipa, Japanese plum). Fruit at Olinda, Maui, Hawai'i.

Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat, pipa, Japanese plum) Fruit at Shibuya Farm Kula, Maui, Hawaii
Fig. 20
E. japonica (Loquat, pipa, Japanese plum). Fruit at Shibuya Farm Kula, Maui, Hawai'i.

Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., loquat seeds
Fig. 24
E. japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., dried loquat seeds

Young tree
Fig. 25
Young tree

Nesprer del Japó (Eriobotrya japonica), jardí botànic de València
Fig. 26
Natural shape of a mature tree

Trunk and bark, Starbucks Boynton Beach, Florida
Fig. 30
Trunk and bark, Starbucks Boynton Beach, Florida

The fruit once peeled. There are 2-4 large seed pods in the center, and the flesh is quite grainy. The taste is good but a bit odd.
Fig. 31
The fruit once peeled. There are 2-4 large seed pods in the center, and the flesh is quite grainy.

Loquat recipe.
Fig. 32
"To make sorbet: 3 cups puréed fruit + one-half to one cup sugar (to taste) + juice of half a lemon + a pinch of cinnamon, a little ground cloves, some ginger and nutmeg. Mix well, put in a tupperware in the freezer, shake-shake-shake every hour or so to break up the crystals. The perfect Christmas-in-Summer dessert!"

Chamaeleo chamaeleon sitting on a blossoming Eriobotrya japonica
Fig. 33
Chamaeleo chamaeleon sitting on a blossoming E. japonica

Casbah d'Alger
Fig. 34

Casbah d'Alger
Fig. 35

My own 'Champagne' loquats
Fig. 36
My own 'Champagne' loquats


Scientific name
Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.
Pronunciation
air-ee-oh-BOT-ree-uh juh-PAWN-ih-kuh 8
Common names
English: Japanese-medlar, loquat; Afrikaans: lukwart; French: bibassier, néflier du Japon; German: japanische Mispel, japanische Wollmispel; Portuguese: nespereira; Spanish:
níspero, níspero del Japón, nispolero 7; Portuguese: ameixa do Japao; Chinese: luju; Maylay and Indonesian: lokwat 2
Synonyms
Crataegus bibas, Mespilus japonicus, and Photinia japonica 2
Relatives
Apple, Malus domestica; blackberry, Rubus spp: capulin, P. salicifolia; chickssaw plum, P. augustifolia; mayhaw, Crataegus spp.; peach, P. persica; pear, Pyrus spp. and strawberry, Fragaria ananassa 3
Family
Rosaceae
Origin
Native to southeastern and central China
USDA hardiness zones
8A-11 1
Uses
Hedge; trained as a standard; urban tolerant; street without sidewalk; deck or patio; screen; fruit; specimen; espalier; container or planter; highway median 1
Height
20-30 ft (6-9 m)
Spread
30-35 ft (9-10.6 m)
Crown
Round; symmetrical; dense; coarse texture 1
Plant habit
Neat habit and compact growth
Growth rate
Moderate
Longevity
Loquat may live only 20-30 years
Trunk/bark/branches
Branches droop; not showy; typically one trunk 1
Pruning requirement
Required for strong structure
Leaves
Evergreen; alternate; simple; pectinate, serrate; oblong, elliptic (oval); pinnate; 8-12 in. (20-30.4 cm) long 1
Flowers
White/cream/gray; showy; very fragrant; Oct. to Feb.; summer blooms produce no fruit
Fruit
Round, oval; 1-3 in. (2.5-7.6 cm); fleshy; yellow, orange; attacts birds; showy; fruit/leaves a litter problem 1
Season
Feb. to May depending on cultivar
USDA Nutrient Content pdf
Light requirement
Full sun, partial sun or partial shade 1
Soil tolerances
Clay; sand; loam; alkaline; acidic; well-drained 1
pH preference
5.5-7.5
Drought tolerance
Moderate; not tolerant of flooded soil conditions
Aerosol salt tolerance
Moderate; it performs well along the coast with some protection from salty air 1
Cold tolerance
Very cold tolerant; may withstand 8 to 10 °F ( -12 to -13 °C); flowers/fruit are killed below 27 °F (-2.8 °C) 2
Plant spacing
25-30 ft (7.6-9 m) away from structures, electrical lines, and other trees for best production 2
Roots
Not a problem; shallow root system
Invasive potential *
Should be treated with caution in the central and south zones in Florida, may be recommended but managed to prevent escape. It is not considered a problem species and may be recommended in the north zone in Florida 1
Pest resistance
Sensitive to pests/diseases
Known hazard
Seeds are said to contain toxins and the leaves traces of arsenic 3



Reading Material

Growing Loquat in the Florida Home Landscape, University of Florida pdf  
Loquat, Fruits of Warm Climates
Choosing the Right Loquat Variety, Just Fruits and Exotics
Loquat, Progress in New Crops, Purdue University



Origin

The loquat is indigenous to southeastern China and possibly southern Japan, though it may have been introduced into Japan in very early times. It is said to have been cultivated in Japan for over 1, 000 years. The western world first learned of it from the botanist Kaempfer in 1690. Thunberg, who saw it in Japan in 1712, provided a more elaborate description. It was planted in the National Gardens, Paris, in 1784 and plants were taken from Canton, China, to the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew, England, in 1787. Soon, the tree was grown on the Riviera and in Malta and French North Africa (Algeria) and the Near East and fruits were appearing on local markets. In 1818, excellent fruits were being produced in hothouses in England. The tree can be grown outdoors in the warmest locations of southern England. 5

Description
A tree of moderate size, the loquat may reach 20 to 30 ft (6-9 m), has a rounded crown, short trunk, and woolly new twigs. 5

Mature tree Habit, Olinda, Maui Tree habit
Fig. 27 Fig. 28 Fig. 29

Leaves
Leaves mostly in terminal whorls (Fig. 8) are elliptical-lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate, 12 to 30 cm long and 3 to 10 cm wide. They are dark green and glossy on the upper surface, whitish to rusty-tomentose on the lower surface. 2

Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat, pipa, Japanese plum) Leaf showing veins at Olinda Rd, Maui, Hawaii Leaf pattern Fruit and underside of leaf, Makawao, Maui Loquat new growth
Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12

Fig. 9.  E. japonica (Loquat, pipa, Japanese plum). Leaf showing veins at Olinda Rd, Maui, Hawai'i
Fig. 11. Immature fruit and underside of leaf, Makawao, Maui
Fig. 12. New growth

Flowers

Flowers are borne on 10 to 20 cm long terminal panicles of 30 to 100 or more flowers. Individual flowers are 1.25 to 2 cm in diameter, have 5 white petals, about 20 stamens, and an inferior ovary. The environmental factor or factors responsible for flower induction are not known, although a cessation of growth prior to the fall/winter flowering is essential. 2

Eriobotrya japonica (flowers). Location: Maui, Cafe 808 Kula Inflorescense
Fig. 15 Fig. 16

Fig. 15. E. japonica (flowers emerging). Location: Maui, Cafe 808 Kula.

Fruit
Fruit are pomes, held in clusters of 4 to 30, oval to rounded to pear-shaped, 2 to 5 cm long and weigh an average of 30 to 40 g; some cultivars up to 70 g. The peel is smooth to slightly downy, light yellow to orange. The pulp is white to light yellow to orange, 6.7 to 17° Brix, sweet to sub acid, and juicy. There may be 1 to 10 dark brown seeds. 2

Opened loquat Sliced loquat Plate of loquats
Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5
Unos nísperos, en su árbol Loquats from our one loquat tree Eriobotrya japonica. When the fruit has ripened. Photo taken in my backyard at Irvine, California
Fig. 21 Fig. 22 Fig. 23

Fig. 21. Unos nísperos, en su árbol
Fig. 23.  E. japonica. When the fruit has ripened. Irvine, California

Varieties

Although Loquat can easily be grown from seed, many cultivars are available for consistent fruit quality. 'Champagne' (March-May), best for USDA hardiness zone 9, has yellow-skinned, white-fleshed, juicy, tart fruit, one of the better fruits. `Gold Nugget' (May-June), best near coast, has larger, sweeter fruit with orange skin and flesh. `MacBeth' (April-May) has exceptionally large fruit with yellow skin and creamy flesh. `Thales' is a late yellow-fleshed variety. 'Coppertone', a hybrid, has dense growth with copper-colored new foliage and pale pink flowers. `Variegata' has white variegated leaves. 1

Eriobotrya japonica 'Variegata': 'Variegata' Loquat, University of Florida pdf
Eriobotrya japonica 'Coppertone': 'Coppertone' Loquat, University of Florida pdf

Varieties Page

Harvesting
Harvesting is by hand. Cut clusters of fruit from terminal branches and then clip individual fruit from the cluster. Ripe loquat fruit may be stored in plastic bags in the refrigerator for several weeks. 2
Loquat is a fruit tree that blooms in the fall and early winter and is harvested during the spring. Mature loquat trees may yield from 35 to 300 lbs per year depending upon tree size and care. 2

Pollination
Loquat trees are pollinated by various insects including bees (Apis sp.), syrphids, houseflies, Myrmeleontidae, Bombinae, and Pieris rapae (L.). Although they are considered self-compatible, cross pollination improves fruit set and size. 1

Vanessa atalanta na mušmuli u Dramlju, Hrvatska
Fig. 18

Fig. 18. Vanessa atalanta na mušmuli u Dramlju, Hrvatska

Propagation
Loquat trees may be propagated by seed, but they do not come true from seed and they have a 6-to 8 -year juvenile period before flowering and fruiting. 2
Loquat may be cleft, veneer, and whip grafted or chip, patch, or shield budded. Propagation by cuttings and marcottage is also possible but more difficult. Vegetatively propagated trees generally begin bearing 1 to 2 years after planting. Mature planted trees may be stumped and top-worked to desirable cultivars. Loquat trees may be propagated by tissue culture (somatic embryos), microcuttings, and by micropropagation using terminal or axillary shoots; however, these methods are not common in the U.S. 2

Planting
Providing best fruit and form when grown in full sun, Loquat can tolerate partial shade and a variety of well-drained soils. It grows well on soils with a high pH and maintains the characteristic dark green foliage. Clay soil is acceptable as long as there is sufficient slope to allow surface water to run away from the root system. It often looks best in the southern portion of its range when given some shade in the afternoon, especially if it is not irrigated. 1

Pruning
Branches will have to be pruned to grow up, as they tend to droop with time under the weight of the developing branch.  It espaliers well against a sunny wall, and makes a good screen due to its dense canopy. Sprouts along the trunk can be a maintenance nuisance. 1
During the first 1 to 2 years after planting, prune young trees by tipping shoots in excess of 2 to 3 ft, tipping will increase branching. Trees may be trained to a modified cental leader or open center configuration. Mature trees may be selectively pruned to maintain trees at 6 to 12 ft in height. This will make care of the tree and harvest easier. 2
The best time for pruning is right after harvest.

Fruit Thinning
To improve fruit size, you may wish to hand-thin flowers or fruit. Allow anywhere from 4 to 10 fruits to develop per terminal. Thinning will increase fruit size from 25% - 100%. In areas with insects and or bird fruit pests, bag the fruit clusters. Bagging also hastens fruit development and reduces fruit scaring. 2

Fertilizing
Caution: Do not overfertilize since this could increase sensitivity to fire blight disease. 1
A month after planting, spread 1/4 lb (113 g) per tree of a young-tree fertilizer, such as 6-6-6 (6 % nitrogen 6% phosphate 6%potassium) with minor elements. Twenty to 30% of the nitrogen should come from organic sources (Table 3). Repeat this every 8 weeks for the first year. Then, gradually increase the amount of fertilizer to 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 lb etc., (227 g, 341 g, 454 g, etc.) as the trees grow. Four to 6 dry fertilizer applications per year may be made up to the third year. 2
A foliar fertilizer mix composed of magnesium and minor nutrients (manganese, zinc, boron, and molybdenum) may be applied 2 to 3 times per tree per year any time from April to November. In acid to neutral soils, apply iron sulfate at 0.25 to 1 oz per tree to the soil 2 to 3 times per year. In alkaline soils with a high pH, drench the soil with iron chelate 2 to 3 times per year from June through September. To make a soil drench, mix 0.5 to 0.75 oz (14-21 g) of iron chelate with 4 to 5 gallons (14-19 liters) of water and pour onto the soil next to the tree trunk. 2
For mature trees, fertilize trees 2 to 3 times per year. The fertilizer should be applied just before or at bloom, perhaps during late fall, again in March, and once during the summer. The fertilizer mix should also include phosphate (P2O5) and potash (K2O); use a 6-6-6, 8-3-9 or similar material. 2
 
Irrigation
Newly planted loquat trees should be watered at planting and every other day for the first week or so and then 1 to 2 times a week for the first couple of months. For the first 3 years,water once a week during prolonged dry periods (e.g., 5 or more days of little to no rainfall). Once the rainy season arrives, reduce or stopped watering. 2
Once loquat trees are 4 or more years old, water them during the fruit development period and during prolonged dry periods. Over watering may cause trees to decline or be unthrifty. 2

Pests Page
Scales and caterpillars are occasional problems.

Diseases Page
To reduce fireblight problems, provide good air circulation and keep away from other fireblight hosts, such as Pyracantha, pears, etc. If leaves and stems blacken from the top downward, prune back one-foot or more into healthy wood. Sterilize shears with a mixture of one part bleach to nine parts water between cuts. 1

Food Uses
Loquat may be eaten fresh without the peel, combined with other fruits in fruit salads, used as a pie filling, and made into sauces and gelatin desserts, jams, and jellies. Fruit may also be canned, dried, frozen, and made into syrup. 2
Loquat is a good source of vitamin A; just a few fruits can provide up to half the recommended daily allowance. Vitamin A is important to visual and dental health. 4
Blanched Loquats. To peel loquats for sauce and fruit cup, blanch by pouring boiling water over loquats to cover. Add 1/4 cup lemon juice to each quart of water. Cook over low heat about 5 minutes, just until skin loosen. Drain and reserve liquid. Cool, peel, halve, and seed loquats (remove seeds). 8

Other recipes
:
Florida Food Fare: Loquats, University of Florida pdf (archived)
Loquat: Getting a Grip on Grappa, Eat The Weeds
Loquat, Twelve Fruits Project, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa

Alcoholic Beverage
Loquats can also be used to make light wine. It is fermented into a fruit wine, sometimes using just the crystal sugar and white liquor.
In Italy nespolino liqueur is made from the seeds, reminiscent of nocino and amaretto, both prepared from nuts and apricot kernels. Both the loquat seeds and the apricot kernels contain cyanogenic glycosides, but the drinks are prepared from varieties that contain only small quantities (such as Mogi and Tanaka), so there is no risk of cyanide poisoning. 6
 
Medicinal Uses **
For thousands of years, the Chinese used extract from loquat leaves as an important ingredient for lung ailments. 4

Other Uses
Its neat habit and compact growth make loquat an ideal specimen or patio shade tree, and it can be used as a residential street tree or median strip tree in areas where overhead space is limited. 1

General
Loquat is among the first fruits cultivated in Asia and is steeped in ancient Chinese mythology. For centuries only the Chinese royalty was allowed to eat the fruit, as it was thought that loquat fruit falling into the rivers gave the koi, or carp, the strength and desire to swim against current and up waterfalls and be turned into mythical dragons. The fruit was introduced from China to Japan as early as 700 AD. In 914 the first Chinese medical textbook was translated to Japanese and mentioned how to use loquat to obtain clear lungs. Japanese law books in the early 900s stated the proper way to present loquat as an offering to the Shinto gods. In Hawai‘i, loquat is sometimes called pipa (Chinese) or biwa (Japanese). 4
In Spanish the fruits are referred to as nísperos (or, in southern areas of Mexico, mísperos) and are associated with the Day of the Dead in Mexico, when they are commonly placed on altars as offerings to the spirits of the deceased. 6

The Florida Loquat Festival, New Port Richey, Florida
The Newsletter of The Florida Loquat Festival ext link

Loquat Distribution Map
Fig. 37
Loquat distribution map

Further Reading
Loquat, Florida Gulf Coast University Plant Database pdf
Eriobotrya japonica: Loquat, University of Florida pdf
Loquat, Okeechobee News, University of Florida
Loquat, California Rare Fruit Growers
Loquat, Manual Of Tropical And Subtropical Fruits
Loquat: A Subtropical Relative of the Apple, Pear, and Peach, University of Florida, Charlotte County pdf

Loquat Botanical Art



List of Growers and Vendors


Bibliography

1 Gilman, Edward F., and Dennis G. Watson. "Eriobotrya japonica: Loquat." edis.ifas.ufl.edu. This document is ENH394, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date Nov. 1993, Revised February 2013, Reviewed June 2016. Accessed 23 Mar. 2017.
2 Crane, Jonathan H., and Caldeira M. Lilia. "Loquat Growing in the Florida Home Landscape." Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension, HS5, Original pub. Jan. 1980, Revised Oct. 2005 and Nov. 2016, Reviewed Dec. 2019, EDIS, edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mg050. Accessed 23 Mar. 2017, 3 Aug. 2020.
3 Boning, Charles R. Florida's Best Fruiting Plants- Native and Exotic Trees, Shrubs, and Vines. Sarasota, Pineapple Press, 2006.
4 Love, Ken, et al. Twelve Fruits With Potential Value-Added and Culinary Uses, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, 2007, www.hawaiifruit.net/12trees.html. Accessed 17 Mar. 2016.
5 Fruits of Warm Climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, 1987.
6 "Loquat." wikipedia.org. Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Postharvest Physiology, Processing and Packaging. Editor(s): Muhammad Siddiq. Web. 21 Mar. 2016.
7 "Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. common names." npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=15602. Accessed 9 Mar. 2018.
8 Deane, Green. "Loquat: Get a Grip on Grappa." Eat the Weeds and other things, too. www.eattheweeds.com. Accessed 20 Mar. 2016.

Photographs
Fig. 1 Yongxinge. Eriobotrya japonica. 2005. flickr.com. (CC BY-SA 3.0). Accessed 18 2016.
Fig. 2 Oldie. Opened fruit ripened, note five seeds in the fruit. 2005. commons.wikimedia.org. Accessed 19 Mar. 2015.
Fig. 3,4,25 Loquat, Japanese Plum. N.d. Tropical Plant Catalog. toptropicals.com. 24 Jan. 2014.
Fig. 6,8,10,16,27 Ritter, M. and Reimer, J. Japanese Loquat, Eriobotrya japonica. 2012. selectree.calpoly.edu. Accessed 18 Mar. 2015.
Fig. 7 Daniel, Jean-Philippe. Débourage d'un bourgeon de bibacier ou néflier du Japon (Eriobotyra Japonica). 2006. commons.wikimedia.org. Accessed 19 Mar. 2015.
Fig. 9 Forest and Kim. Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat, pipa, Japanese plum) Leaf showing veins at Olinda Rd, Maui, Hawai'i. 2008. flickr.com. Under (CC BY 3.0). Accessed 18 2016.
Fig. 11 Starr, Forest and Kim. Fruit and underside of leaf, Makawao, Maui, Hawai'i. 2006. starrenvironmental.com. Accessed 7 Oct. 2014.
Fig. 5,12 MR. Loquat, Japanese Plum. N.d. Tropical Plant Catalog. toptropicals.com. Accessed 18 Mar. 2015.
Fig. 13 Carr, Gerald, D. Eriobotrya japonica. N.d. botany.hawaii.edu. University of Hawai'i, Botany Department, Mānoa Campus Plants. Accessed 7 Oct. 2014.
Fig. 14 Amarochan, Mohamed. Eriobotrya japonica flower. 2008. commons.wikimedia.org. Accessed 19 Mar. 2015.
Fig. 15 Eriobotrya japonica (flowers emerging). Location: Maui, Cafe 808 Kula. 2006. commons.wikimedia.org. (CC BY 3.0). Accessed 19 Mar. 2015.
Fig. 17 Haklai, Yair. Hymenoptera on blooming Eriobotrya japonica in Jerusalem. 2013. commons.wikimedia.org. (CC BY-SA 3.0). Accessed 18 Mar. 2016.
Fig. 18 F. Roberta. Vanessa atalanta na mušmuli u Dramlju, Hrvatska." 2008. commons.wikimedia.org. Accessed 19 Mar. 2015.
Fig. 19  Starr, Forest and Kim. Eriobotrya japonica (fruit). Location: Maui, Olinda. 2006. commons.wikimedia.org. (CC BY 3.0). Accessed 19 Mar. 2015.
Fig. 20 Starr, Forest and Kim. Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat, pipa, Japanese plum) Fruit at Shibuya Farm Kula, Maui, Hawai'i. 2011. flickr.com. (CC BY 3.0). Accessed 18 Mar. 2016.
Fig. 21 Williamson, Keith. Unos nísperos, en su árbol. 2011. commons.wikimedia.org. (CC BY 2.0) From Bigastro, Spain. Ripe for picking Project 365(3) Day 105.  Accessed 21 Mar. 2016.
Fig. 22 Tiffany. Loquats from our one loquat treeflickr.com. (CC BY-NC 2.0). Accessed 21 Mar. 2016.
Fig. 23 Oldie~commonswiki. Eriobotrya japonica. When the fruit has ripened. Photo taken in my backyard at Irvine, California. 2005. flickr.com. GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2. Accessed 18 Mar. 2016.
Fig. 24 Hurst, Steve. Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., loquat. N.d. plants.usda.gov. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA. Accessed 18 Mar. 2015.
Fig. 26 JoannBango. Nesprer del Japó (Eriobotrya japonica), jardí botànic de València. 2014. commons.wikimedia.org. (CC BY-SA 4.0
Fig. 28 Starr, Forest and Kim. Habit, Olinda, Maui. 2006. starrenvironmental.com. Accessed 7 Oct. 2014.
Fig. 29 Udaff, Krolik. Loquat, Japanese Plum. N.d. Tropical Plant Catalog. toptropicals.com. Accessed 18 Mar. 2015.
Fig. 30 Starr, Forest and Kim. Trunk and bark, Starbucks Boynton Beach, Florida. 2009. starrenvironmental.com. Accessed 7 Oct. 2014.
Fig. 31 Frédérique. The fruit once peeled. There are 2-4 large seed pods in the center, and the flesh is quite grainy. The taste is good but a bit odd. 2007.  flickr.com. (CC BY-NC 2.0). Accessed 21 Mar. 2016.
Fig. 32 Frédérique. Recipe. 2007. flickr.com. (CC BY-NC 2.0). Accessed 21 Mar. 2016.
Fig. 33 יעקב.  Chamaeleo chamaeleon sitting on a blossoming Eriobotrya japonica. 2012. commons.wikimedia.org. (CC BY-SA 3.0) Accessed 19 Mar. 2015.
Fig. 34,35 Kerbouche, Reda. Casbah d'Alger. 2012. commons.wikimedia.org. Accessed 19 Mar. 2015.
Fig. 36 Robitaille, Liette. "My own crop of 'Champagne' loquats." 2014. www.growables.org. File JPG.
Fig. 37 Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, A. R. Franck, and F. B. Essig. Species Distribution Map: Eriobotrya japonica. N.d. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants. [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa. florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=207. Accessed 10 Nov. 2017.

UF/IFAS Assessment of Non-native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas
** Information provided is not intended to be used as a guide for treatment of medical conditions.

Published 24 Jan. 2014 LR. Last update 3 Aug. 2020 LR
Please help us to do more!

© 2013 - Growables, Inc.
A not-for-profit, tax exempt organization under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.
about credits disclaimer sitemap friends